Retina Surgery Hospital

The retina is the fine film that coats the inside of the eyeball.

The most effective treatment is anti-VEGF medicine that is injected into the gel at the back of the eye known as the vitreous.This shrinks the abnormal blood vessels and clears the fluid from the macula. Several injections are often needed to completely treat the condition.

3. Diabetic retinopathy:
Increased glucose circulating in blood in diabetes has a damaging effect on the retinal blood vessels. This disrupts the fine balance of nutrition of the retina and leads to leakage of fluid and cholesterol from blood into the retina.
In advanced cases of diabetic retinopathy, there occurs formation of new blood vessels within and over the surface of retina which further leak more fluid. These abnormal blood vessels are prone to bursting, leading to vitreous hemorrhage.
Vision can become blurred gradually if this leakage occurs in the macula. New fragile blood vessels can also grow on the surface of the retina which can lead to bleeding within the vitreous cavity and lead to sudden loss of vision.
The main treatments for this condition include laser photocoagulation and injections of anti-VEGF medicines into the vitreous.

4. Retinal Vein Occlusion:
In retinal vein occlusion, there occurs blockage of blood flow in the retinal vein. This leads to impaired outflow of blood. The symptoms of RVO are sudden blurring of vision.
The degree of visual blur depends on the severity of the blockage and the location.
High blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes are the main risk factors associated with developing this condition.
Treatment options include laser photocoagulation, implanting a steroid pellet into the vitreous and anti-VEGF injections into the vitreous.
Optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology allows us to see cross sectional images of the retina. Here there is a small mound within the macula that is formed by a collection of fluid.

5. Central Serous Retinopathy:
In CSCR, there occurs accumulation of fluid just beneath the Macula. The patient complains of inability to read the fine print and/or seeing a black spot in the centre. It is most commonly seen in young males. An association has been seen with the use of steroid medication, smoking and mental stress.
The condition often resolves on its own but occasionally laser treatment is applied to 'switch off' the leakage areas.

6. Myopia and its retinal manifestations: Myopia or short-sightedness is a very common condition. Myopic eyes are longer than normal eyes and therefore their retina is stretched over the eye wall. Regular retina check up for myopic patient is mandatory.

Retinal diagnostic modalities available:

• Amslar grid
• Fundus camera
• Fundus fluorescien angiography angiography(FFA)
• Optical coherence tomography(OCT)
• B-scan ultrasound